Machine for making cut nails



7 Sheets-Sheet I.

(No Model. v

' L. GODDU. MACHINE FOR MAKING GUT NAILS.

Pg'gented Sept. 29, 1887.

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Iawz'a W (No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 2.

L. GODDU. MACHINE FOR MAKING GUT NAILS.

No. 370,135. Patented Sept.'20, 1887 n. PETERS. Pholo-U'Xhugnphm, Washirlglun 0.6

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 3.

L.GODDU. MACHINE FOR MAKING GUT NAILS.

N0. 370,135. Patented Sept. 20, 1887.

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7 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Model.)

L. GODDU. MACHINE FOR MAKING GUT NAILS.

Patented Sept..20, 1887..

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(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 5.

- L. GODDU.

MACHINE FOR MAKING GUT NAILS.

No. 370.135. Patented Sept. 20, 1887.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 6. L. GODDU. MACHINE FOR MAKING GUT NAILS.

Patented Sept. 20, 1887.

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P E N I H flu A M Patented Sept. 20, 1887.

R Illlllllllllllllllllllll Nnsn STATES To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, LOUIS GODDU, of \Vinchester, county of Middlesex, and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement 5 in NailMaking Machines,of which the follow ing description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like letters and figures on the drawings representing like parts.

[ This invention has for its object to improve the construction of that class of nail-making machines wherein the nail is cut from across a nail strip or plate.

In my improved machine the strip or plate 1 of material to be cut in the direction of its width to form nails tapering at their sides from point to head is held in a spindle, which, as herein shown, has imparted to ita varying rotary movement in the same direction, the spindie presenting the end of the strip to cutters which cut it transversely, the said spindle being provided with mechanism for feeding the nail strip or plate longitudinally. Besides its movement of rotation, the said spindle is vi- 2 5 brated toward and from the cutter. The center of the spindle is inclined with relation to l the cutting-edges of the cutters, and the degree of taper of the body of the nail is determined l by the angle of presentation of the nail strip i 0 or plate to the edge of the cutters. The speed of rotation of the spindle is automatically varied at each rotation to cause it to run fast when the spindle is swung laterally away from the stationary cutter, the slow speed being op- 5 erative while the cutters are acting to cut the strip or plate. The end of the strip or plate just before it is to be cutoff is grasped between a hook or clamp and the end of the movable cutter, the said hook moving longitudinally with the cutter, while the latter, co-operating with a stationary cutter located near the dies to shape the body of the nail, cuts the strip or plate to form a blank, the said hook and movable cutter member serving to grasp and hold 5 the blank as cut from the strip until the said blank is placed in line with the dies, which are to be closed together about the said blank to shape its body and, it may be, its head. The

head end of the blank, always uppermost, is r. grasped between a pair ofjaws, which take it laterally'from between the said hook and the ATENT Orricno LOUIS GODDU, OF \VIN CHESTER, ASSIGNOR TO J AMES XV. BROOKS, TRUSTEE, OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS.

MACHINE FOR MAKING CUT NAILS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 370,135, dated September 20, 1887.

Application filed November 5, 1886. Serial No. 218,096.

(No model.)

end of the movable member of the cutter, the said book being moved independently of the said cutter to release the said blank after the said jaws have caught it, and the jaws having taken the blank from between the hook and movable cutter member, the said hook and cutter member are moved backward into position ready to again receive the end of the strip or plate between them. These jaws carry the blank laterally into the stationary die, where it is caught by the movable die, and the body of the blank is shaped to form a nail, and pref erably the said blank is headed by a header which descends between the jaws, which are opened just after the dies catch the blank. The blank having been shaped, the dies are separated to release the blank prior to its discharge from between the dies.

hen thejaws are opened, as described, to release the head of the blank, as the body of the blank is grasped by the dies that one of the jaws nearest the movable dieis moved back, but notas far as the movable die is thereafter to be retracted, and consequently as the movable die is subsequently retracted the head of the nail, should it happen to stick in themovable die, meets the end of that jawand detaches the nail from the movable die. On the contrary, should the nail happen to stick in the stationary die, its head will be struck and dis lodged by that member of the said jaws nearest it, as the two jaws previously opened are further oscillated in the same direction to bring them back into their normal open position to receive the head of the next blank.

The dies are opened as soon as the header delivers its blow; but the open jaws are not returned, as described, to their normal position until after the header has been retracted. v

Each of the jaws referred to is operated in dependently of the other in its opening and closing movement, and both jaws turn about the same center; but their movements are unlike in extent according to the requirements of 5 the machine, the particular movement of each jaw with relation to the other and the dies and other devices being determined by two cams.

My invention in nail-making machines 0011- sists, essentially, in the combination, with a spindle to carry a nail strip or plate and cutters to sever the said strip or plate, of a hook or clamp co-operating with one of the cutter members preparatory to severing the strip or plate to form a blank, as will be described; also, in a nail-making machine, a spindle to receive a nail strip or plate and means to both rotate and oscillate it, combined with cutters to sever thesaid strip or plate, and with ahook or clamp to move with one of the cutters and aid in holding the blank after it has been cut from the said strip or plate; also, in a nail making machine, a spindle to carry a nail strip or plate and means to rotate the said spindle at a variable speed, combined with cutters to sever the said strip or plate transversely; also, in a nail-making machine, a rotating spindle to carry a nail strip or plate,

' cutters to sever the said strip or plate, and a hook or clamp to co-operate with one of the members of the said cutters to hold the severed blank, combined with a pair of jaws to the body of the blank.

section of Fig. 11 in the line 00 Other features of my invention will be hereinafter described, and specified in the claims.

Figure 1 is a plan View of a machine embodying my invention. Fig. 1 is a detail of the spindle-carrying frame detached. Fig. 2 is an elevation of Fig. 1, looking at it in the direction of the arrow thereon, the spindle being' omitted; Fig. 3, a sectional detail of the end of the header. Fig. 4 is a section of Fig. 2 in the dotted line at 00, looking toward the right. Fig. 5 is a partial horizontal section of Fig. 2 in the line no, chiefly to show the dies, cutters, and hook or clamp; Fig. 6, a detail of the cam-hub and part of the devices for moving the jaws, to be described. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the cam for moving the head-forming tool. Figs. 8, 9, and 10 represent other developed cams, to be described. Fig. 11 is a longitudinal section of the spindle; Fig. 12, a Fig. 13 is a section of Fig. 11 in the line 00 Fig. 14 is a section of Fig. 11 in the line 00, looking toward the right. Fig. 14. is a plan view of the spindle, looking down on Fig. 11. Fig. 15 is adetail of the pawl and ratchet of the feeding mechanism of the spindle. Fig. 16 is a detail of the stationary die and stationary cutter member. Fig. 17 is a detail of the movable cutter member and the hook or clamp cooperating with it. Fig. 18 is a section of Fig. 17 in the line as. Fig. 19 is a detail View of the lever and cam employed to move the rockable bearings to support the main drivingshaft A, provided with a belt-pulley, A and a balance-wheel, the said shaft having at one end a bevel-pinion, A which engages abevelgear, A fast on and'rotating the cam-shaft A The shaft A is provided with a pinion, A which engages a gear, A, having attached to it a pinion, A which latter engages a gear, A, fast on and rotates the shaft A, the said pinion A and gear A being simply interme diate for the reduction of speed.

The shaft A has fast on it a cam-hub, B, which receives in it a roller or other stud, 13, secured to one end of and so as to vibrate a three-armed lever or spindle-carrier, B pivoted at B to a part of the frame-work, the said lever having two cars, b b, (shown bestin Fig. 2,) and slotted at b b, for the reception of suitable bolts, as F, but one bolt being shown (see Fig. 1) by which to adj ustably at-' tach to the said lever B a yoke, D, (see Fig.

1,) it having one-half of each bearing 13 for tion of the said spindle with relation to the edge of the cutter c, to thus provide for variations in the taper of the blank to be cut; and so,also,the said bearings may be raised or lowered together to place the center of rotation of the spindle B more or less distant from theupper corner of the stationary cutter c, to thus adapt the machine to strips of differentwidth, and also to enable more or less of the blank to beleft above the hook or clamp g to insure more or less of a head. The caps B co-opcrating with the bearing portions B, are held in place by bolts 13".

The strip b is herein shown as taken 'fr-om a hub or'spool, b, mounted to rotate on a stud or other suitable axis or shaft, B, mounted in Y vided with a gear, B, and with a cam-groove,

B The spindle B near its delivery end, is recessed for the reception of the feeding-rolls G O, which are to feed the strip or plate I) longitudinally in the said spindle. Theboxes which act upon the journals of the said feeding-rollers are held in place by caps C and screws 0 The journals or heads a at the ends of the feed-rolls O G are toothed to constitute ratchetwhecls to be engaged by pawls c pivoted each one. stud, o attached to the IIO casing the said pawls being acted upon each bya spring, 0 (Shown onlyin Fig. 15.) The casing (J forms a connected part of a sleeve, 0, which is extended through that one of the bearings B* nearest the delivery end of the spindle B the sleeve C constituting not only a pawl-holder, but also a lining for the said bearing.

The sleeve 0 is screw-threaded at one end, (see Fig. 11,) and inserted through the bearing 13 has applied to it a nut, U, the sleeve being enough shorter than the distance between the shoulder C of the spindle B and the end of the cam-hub 13 to permit a slight longitudinal movement of the spindle B within the said sleeve. The movement of the spindle in the direct-ion of-the arrow upon it in Fig. 11 causes the ratchet-toothed heads 0 at the ends of the feed-rolls G C to engage the pawls c and effect the positive rotation of the said feed-wheels, and the latter grasping the strip or plate 6" between them feed the same longitudinally out from the end of the spindle. In the movement of the spindle B in a direction opposite the arrow in Fig. 11, the teeth of the ratchet-wheels click under the pawls a and are not rotated.

The delivery end of the twopart or divided spindle B is provided with guides c" a grooved, as at 3 3, (see Figs. 11 and 14,) to receive the edges of the strip or plate b, the said guides being made adjustable to different widths of strips by the adjusting-screw 0", having a right and left thread, (see Fig. 14,) which engages a threaded portion of each guide a the said screw having an annular groove, which is entered by a screw, 100, to prevent longitudinal movement of the said screw.

The acting edge of the cutter member 0 is vertical, and the bearings B for the spindle B are so adjusted as. to place the center line of the spindle at an angle with relation to the edge of the said cutter, so that whenever the metal strip or plate, projected from the nose of the said spindle, is brought against the said cutter-member c, and the movable cuttermember (Z cooperates with it to sever the said strip or plate, the cut will be made diagonally across the said strip to form a tapered blank.

The gear B, fast to the spindle B is engaged and rotated by a gear, D, fast on a shaft, D", having its bearings in the extension D or the yoke D, referred to as containing portions of the bearings 13', and shown separately in Fig. 1. The yoke D has a stud, d, erected on it, which is provided with a roller, (2, that enters the cani groove 13 the rotation of the cam B vibrating the yoke D and the spindle B The inner end of the shaft D is provided (see Fig.2) with a forked head, (1, which is loosely connected by screws 6 6 to a block, 7, in turn connected loosely by screws 9 to a forked head or car, 8, extended from one side of a gear, D, attached to a long stud (shown by dotted lines, Fig. 1) inserted in a hole in the frame-work A. The gear D is engaged by the gear D, having fast to it an elliptic gear, D mounted on a stud, 101, the said elliptic gear being engaged and driven by an elliptic gear, D, fast on the shaft A", before described.

The elliptical gears and the train of gearing described driven by them cause the spindle B to be rotated, as herein shown, ata fast and slow or variable speed during each rotation, and the spindle holding the nail strip or plate rotates the latter in unison with it.

The spindle is rotated at its fastest speed when the lever B is turned to move the delivery end of the spindle away from the cutter member 0 and dies 6 e, and slowest as the cuttcr members act to cutthe strip or plate transversely, and in the rotation of the spindle the cam 13, acting against the roller-stud d, causes the spindle B to be moved longitudinally in the sleeve 0 to effect the turning of the feedrolls and the feeding of the strip or plate I) from the spindle.

Referring to the dies e 6', between which the body of the blank is shaped, it will be seen (see Fig. 5) that the die 6 is stationary and the die 0 is movable. The die 0 is cut into a block, 0, which is attached to a block, 0, by a screw, 6", (shown by dotted lines,) the said lolock'e being fastened to the frame-work by a long bolt, 6*, extended thcrethrough from the rear side of the machine. The die 0 has attached to or made as apart of it the station ary cutter member 0. The movable die e is secured to a slideplate, E, toothed at e, to be engaged by a toothed sector, forming part of a lever, 6, (see Fig. 2,) pivoted at e and having a roller or other stud extended through its upper end, (see Fig. 1,) the said stud entering like grooves in the two cam-hubs F F, the said two cams giving a powerful move ment to the said slide and its attached die 0.

The movable member at of the cutter 1neehanism is composed of a steel plate fitted into guides of a slide,f, the said cutter at its rear end having two rods, f f which at their outer ends are acted upon by screws f f, which enable the member (1 to be adjusted longitudinally in the said slidef to provide for wear in sharpening it. This slidef, at its rear side, is toothed, as best shown in Fig. 5, to be engaged and reciprocated by a partial gear, f, fast on the roek-shaftf", having an arm, f, provided with a roller or other stud, which enters the cam-groovcf" in the hub G, fasten the shaft A". The teeth of the slide f are held in engagement with the partial gearf by means of a cap,f, the latter receiving through it the serewsf I The cutter member (I is kept in the guidef by a plate,10et, held in place by screws 105. The slidef is slotted longitudinally for the reception of a bar, 9, to one end of which is suitably attaehed a hook or clamp, g, the end of which extends across the end of the movable cutter member (I. This hook or clamp 9 cooperates with the end of the cutter d to receive between them from the delivery end of the spindle B the free end of the nail strip or plate backward by the sector 9 fast to the rock-- shaft y it having an attached arm, 9, provided with a roller or other stud, which enters the cam-groove g in the cam-hub G. The

cams f and g are of such shape as to first insure the entrance of the nail strip or plate b between the hook gand the end of the cutter member d, then to clamp the strip closely, and thereafter the cutter d and hook or clamp are moved forward in unison, and both act to hold firmly the end of the nail strip or plate b, while the cutter member d, cooperating with the cutter c, severs the said strip diagonally to form a blank. The clamp and cutter d, the blank having been severedfrom the strip, hold the blank firmly between them, and continue to move until the larger upper end of the tapering blank is brought in position between jaws h h and in line between the cavities of dies e e.

The jaws h h, both alike in shape, are composed, as best shown in Figs. 20, 22, and 23, of segmental orcurved blocks, held by bolts 106 between cheek-pieces 102, extended at right angles from two shafts, h h the shaft k passing through the shaft h, which is tubular. the shaft h being the shorter. The shaft it has attached to it an arm, h, and the shaft h has attached to it an arm, If, each of the said arms having roller or other studs, the stud of the arm h" entering the groove m, and the stud of the arm 7L5 the groove m, both of the said grooves being made, as herein shown, in the same side of a cam-hub, m. The blank having been carried into the position stated, the

jaws h h, preferably grooved at their ends, as

at 15, as shown in Figs. 22 and 23, are closed upon the upper end of the .said blank, and, preferably, with such force as to partially round'the said blank, as shown at 107 in Fig. 24, where it is grasped to thus aid in the formation of a more perfect head. The jaws having been closed firmly upon the head of the blank, the clamp g is moved sufficiently to re leasethe blank, and then the two jaws are rocked or movedtogether in the same direction until the blank is moved laterally from between the. clamp and cutter member, and is placed into the groove of the stationary die e, and thereafter the clamp g and cutter member d are withdrawn and left slightly separated, ready to again receive the end of the said nailstrip or plate I). The blank having been placed in the groove of the die 6, the movable Fig. 3,) it being attached to or forming part of a rod or bar, a, fitted into a sleeve or guide, n, and provided at its upper end with rackteeth, as at 1?, which teeth are engaged by a toothed portion, as n, of a gear, orit maybe a part of a rock-shaft, a extended through a long bearing, a, forming, it may be, a part of the frame-work of the machine. The rockshaft, of, has fast to its other end an arm, n, which, by a link, a is jointed to a lever, '12, pivoted at n", the said lever having a roller or other stud, n", (see Fig. 19 in dotted lines,) which enters a cam-groove (see dotted lines, Fig. 19) in a cam, N, fast on the shaft A", the rotation of the cam through the mechanism described actuating the header positively to strike the nail-blank while held between the dies 0 e to form a head, the shape of the head being determined by the shape of the diegroove.

Fig. 25 shows a finished nail.

I am aware that it is not new to oscillate a spindle carrying a nailstrip; but prior to my invention I am not aware that a spindle carrying a nail-strip has been rotated with relation to the cutters, and I am not aware that a spindle carrying a nail-strip has ever been'rotated at a varying speed.

My improved machine may be run at a very fast speed, and the nail-strip may be of as long length as can be cut or rolled, it being wound upon a hub or spindle, and hence the production of nails is very rapid.

I do not desire or intend to limit myinvention to the exact construction of the devices herein shown, as it will be obvious to a mechanic that the form of the parts might be somewhat modified without departing from my inventionas, for instance, other wellknown devices for varying the speed of two shafts might be used.

, The cap or plate f has adj ustably attached to it, by the screw or bolt 10, a rest, p", against which bears the lowermost edge of the strip or plate b', as the latter in the rotation of the spindle is brought against the edge of the cutter a to be cut, the said rest by its adjustment being adapted to strips or plates of different width.

The cam grooves in the cam m directly concutter member d and the hook or clamp g, to

compress or shape the head of the blank in the grooves 15 of the jaws-one groove in each jawand thus partially round the blank near its end, thus better adapting it to fit the usual head-forming concavity cut in the dies '6 c. This preliminary shaping of the blank near its head end preparatory to placing the blank in the dies to be upset by the header insures a more uniform and perfect head than when the header and dies alone are depended upon to shape the nail just at and below the head.

Prior to my invention I am not aware that a nail-blank has ever been partially rounded at or near its head end prior to the upsetting of the head in the dies.

A part of Fig. 24 shows the head of a blank as left by the action of the jaws, the cosners being somewhat rounded.

I might rotate the spindle at a uniform speed by employing usual circular gearing instead of the elliptical gears; but I prefer to use the latter.

I claim 1. In a nail-making machine, a spindle to carry a metal strip or plate to be out into nailblanks, combined with cutters to sever the said strip or plate and the clamp g, co-operating with one of the said cutters to clamp the end of the strip or plate in the direction of its thickness, or from side to side, and hold it while the cutters operate to sever a blank from the strip or plate, substantially as described.

2. A rotating spindle to carry a metal strip or plate, the cutters to sever the strip or plate to form blanks, and a hook or clamp co-operating with one of the said cutters to hold the blank, as described, combined with the jaws to take the blank from the cutter and hook or. clamp holding it, substantially as described.

3. A rotating spindle to carry a metal strip or plate, the cutters to sever the strip or plate to form blanks, and a hook or clamp eo-operating with one of the said cutters to hold the blank, as described, combined with the jaws to take the blank from the cutter and hook or clamp holding it, and with dies 6 6, into the grooves of which the blank is delivered, substantially as described.

4. Arotating spindle to carry a metal strip or plate, the cutters to sever the strip or plate to'form blanks, and a hook or clamp cooperating with one of the said cutters to hold the blank, as described, combined with the jaws to take the blank from the cutters and hook or clamp holding it, and with dies 0 6, into the grooves of which the blank is delivered, and with aheader to strike and upset the head of the said blank, substantially as described.

5. In a nail-making machine, a spindle to carry a metal strip or plate to be cut to form blanks, and cutters to sever the said strip, combined with means, substantially as described, to rotate the said spindle continuously, but at a varying speed during each rotation, substantially as described.

6. In a naitmaking machine, the continuously-rotatingspindle to carry a metal strip or plate, the feed-rolls carried by it to feed the strip or plate from the said spindle, a pivoted lever or carrier to support the bearings for the said spindle, and means, substantially as described, to vibrate the said lever or carrier and rotate the spindle in its bearings, combined with cutters to cut the said strip or plate, substantially as described.

7. In a nail-making machine, two cutters to sever a strip or plate, and the hook-shaped clamp cooperating with the movable member of the cutters to hold the end of the strip or plate at its opposite sides while it is being cut and to hold the blank, combined with the rotating spindle, and feeding mechanism carried by the spindle to move the strip or plate in the spindle, substantially as described.

8. In a nail-making machine, two cutters to sever a strip or plate, and a clamp eo-operating with the movable member of the cutters to hold the end of the strip or plate while it is being out and to hold the blank, combined with a spindle, a vibrating lever to carry the bearings for the spindle, and feeding mechanism, and mechanism to rotate the spindle and vibrate the yoke, substantially as described.

9. The spindleto rotate the nail strip or plate, the cutter member 0, and the movable cutter member d, combined with a hook or clamp, and means, substantially as described, to rereciproeate the cutter member (I and hook or clamp, and to also move the said hook or clamp longitudinally with relation to the cutter member cl to grasp the end of the strip or plate and to thereafter release the blank, substantiall y as described.

10. The rotating spindle, its extension B", to hold the metal strip or plate in reel form, suitable bearings for the said spindle, the feed-rolls having attached ratchet-wheels 0 carried by the spindle, and the cam-hub 13, attached thereto, and means cooperating with the said cam-hub to move the spindle longitudinally as it is being rotated, combined with the sleeve 0 and frame and pawls to rotate the feed-rolls, substantially as described.

11. The rotating spindle, its attached gear B, the vibrating lever B, and the yoke D, at tached to the said lever, and the shaft D and gear D, combined with the gear D, the universaljoint mechanism between the shaft D and the said gear D and a gear, D, to rotate the gear D and mechanism to vibrate the lever B all substantially as described.

12. In a nail-making machine, the cutter member 0, the cutter member (I, and the hook or clamp cooperating with it to hold the nailblank, means to move the said cutter member and hook or clamp, and jaws to grasp the head of the blank held between the cutter member d and the hook or clamp, combined with the die 6, into the groove of which the jaws carry the said blank, and a die, 0, eo-operating with the die 6, and means, substantially as dc scribed, for operating the said jaws independently, whereby the jaws release the head of the blank after the blank has been caught between the dies, and whereby one of the jaws, the dies having been separated, is rotated, substantially as described.

13. In a nail-making machine, the cutter member d, the clamp g, the cutter member 0, and two dies, 6 e, to shape the blank,combined with a pair of jaws, h h, to grasp the blank near its head-forming end and place the body of the blank in position in the stationary die 6, and a header and means to operate it to upset the blank to form a head, substantially as described.

14. In a nail-making machine, two dies,e e,

to shape the blank, and a header, combined with a pair of jaws to grasp the blank near its head end and place the body of the blank in 1 position in the stationary die, the said jaws having cavities 15, to partly round the end of the blank preparatory to placing the said blank in the said die, substantially as described.

15. In a nail-making machine, the cutter member d, the clamp g, the cutter member 0, and two dies,'e e, to shape the blank,combined with a pair of jaws, h h, to grasp the blank near its head-forming end and. place the body of the said blank in position in the stationary die e, and means, substantially as described,

tor-lever provided with a pin or stud, e, 0

extended each side of it, and with two cams to operate the said sector-lever, substantially as described. v

18. In a nail-making machine, the combination, with cutters, of a spindle provided with 3 an extension to secure and sustain a spool or reel containing a flat metal strip or plate wound thereon, and feeding mechanism to feed the said strip or plate longitudinally to the said spindle, substantially as described.

19. In a nail-making machine, two cutters to sever astrip or plate, and a clamp cooperating with the movable member of the cutters to hold the end of the strip or plate while it is being cut and to hold the blank, combined with a spindle having its axis of rotation placed diagonally to the edges of the cutters, a'vibrating lever to carry the bearings for the spindle, and feeding mechanism, and mechanism to rotate the spindle and vibrate the yoke, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof Ihave signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

LOUIS GODDU. Witnesses:

O. M. GONE, F. CUTTER. 

